Health

Developmental Milestones (Child Development Stages)

Developmental Milestones & Child Development Stages

Growth & Development

Growth denotes a net increase in the size or mass of tissues. It is largely attributed to multiplication of cells and increase in the intracellular substance. Hypertrophy or expansion of cell size contributes to a lesser extent to the process of growth.
Development specifies maturation of functions. It is related to the maturation and myelination of the nervous system and indicates acquisition of a variety of skills for optimal functioning of the individual.

Domains of Development

Normal development is a complex process and has a multitude of facets. However, it is convenient to understand and assess development under the following domains:

  • Gross motor development
  • Fine motor skill development
  • Personal and social development and general understanding
  • Language
  • Vision and hearing

1. Gross Motor Development

Motor development progresses in an orderly sequence to
ultimate attainment of locomotion and more complex
motor tasks thereafter.

A. Pull to shit from supine

  • Newborn : Complete head leg
  • 3 month : Neck hold
  • 4 month : Head hold, no head leg
  • 5 month : Flexes the head

B. Ventral suspension

  • < 4 week : Unable to hold the neck
  • 4-8 week : Head in line with trunk
  • 12 week : Lift head above trunk

C. Prone position

  • 2 week : Pelvis high, knees  drawn up
  • 6 week : Pelvis flat, hip extended
  • 8 week : Face lifting at 45 degree
  • 12 week : Face, head, chest lifting
  • 6 month : Weight on hands with arms extended
  • 10 month : Abdomen off the ground, Weight on hand & knees

D. Sitting

  • < 6 month : Sit with others support
  • 6 month : Sitting with own support ( Tripod fashion i.e. with support of hands)
  • 8 month : Sitting without support
  • 9 month : Stands holding on with support
  • 12 months : Stands without support, Creeps well, Walk but fall (Walk with one hand held)
  • 15 month : Walks alone, Creeps upstairs
  • 11
  • 18 month : Runs, Explores drawers
  • 2 year : Walks u & downstairs (2 feet/ step), Jumps
  • 3 year : Rides tricycle, Alternate feet going upstairs
  • 4 year : Alternate feet going downstairs

2. Fine Motor Development

  • 4 month : Bidextrous reach i.e. reaching out for objects with both hand
  • 6 month : Unidextrous reach i.e. reaching out for objects with one hand, Transfers objects
  • 9 month : Immature pincer grasp, Probes with forefinger
  • 12 month : Pincer grasp mature
  • 15 month : Imitates scribbling, Tower of 2 blocks
  • 18 month : Scribbles, Tower of 3 blocks
  • 2 year : Tower of 6 blocks, Vertical & circular stroke
  • 3 year : Tower of 9 blocks; copies circle
  • 4 year : Copies cross; bridge with blocks
  • 5 year : Copies triangle; gate with blocks

3. Social and adaptive milestones

  • 2 month : Social smile (smile after being talked to)
  • 3 month : Recognizes mother; anticipates feeds
  • 6 month : Recognizes strangers, stranger anxiety
  • 9 month : Waves “bye bye”
  • 12 month : Comes when called; plays simple ball game
  • 15 month : Jargon
  • 18 month : Copies parents in task (e.g. sweeping)
  • 2 year : Asks for food, drink, toilet; pulls people to show toys
  • 3 year : Shares toys; knows full name and gender
  • 4 year : Plays cooperatively in a group; goes to toilet alone
  • 5 year : Help s in household tasks, dresses and undresses

4. Language milestones

  • 1 month : Alerts to sound
  • 3 month : Coos (musical vowel sounds)
  • 4 month : Laugh loud
  • 6 month : Monosyllables (ba, da, pa), ah-goo sounds
  • 9 month : Bisyllables (mama, baba, dada)
  • 12 month : 1-2 words with meaning
  • 18 month : 8-10 word vocabulary
  • 2 year : 2-3 word sentences, uses pronouns” I”, “me”, “you”
  • 3 year: Asks questions; knows full name and gender
  • 4 year : Says song or poem; tells stories
  • 5 year : Asks meaning of words

Developmental Assessment

Equipment for development assessment

  • A red ring (diameter 6-7 cm) tied to a string
  • Nine red cubes
  • Paper pellets
  • Spoon
  • Cup with handle
  • A book with thick pages
  • Picture book
  • Red pencil, paper
  • Doll and mirror

Upper limit of age for attainment of milestone

  • Visual fixation or following : 2 month
  • Vocalization : 6 month
  • Sitting without support : 10 month
  • Standing with assistance : 12 month
  • Hands and knees crawling : 14 month
  • Standing alone : 17 month
  • Walking alone : 18 month
  • Single words : 18 month
  • Imaginative play : 3 year
  • Loss of comprehension, single words or phrases at any age
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