Cefprozil : Therapeutic uses, Dosage & Side Effects
Cefprozil is an second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used for treating mild to moderate infections caused by certain bacteria.
Dose : 125-250 mg/5 mL ; 250-500 mg
Route : Oral
Onset of action : ?
Plasma Half-life : 1.3 hours
Duration of action : ?
Bioavailability : 95%
Plasma protein binding : 36%
Metabolism : ?
Pregnancy risk category : B
Chemical formula : C18H19N3O5S
IUPAC name : 7-[2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetyl]amino-8-oxo-3-prop-1-enyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Trade name : Cefzil, Procef, Cronocef, Cefproz
Antibacterial spectrum : Cefprozil has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms :
- Aerobic gram-positive microorganisms : Enterococcus durans, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococci (Groups C,D,F, and G), Listeria monocytogenes, viridans group Streptococci, Staphylococcus saprophyticus but inactive against Enterococcus faecium.
- Aerobic gram-negative microorganisms : Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Vibrio spp. (including β-lactamase-producing strains) nut inactive against most strains of Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia, Pseudomonas, and Serratia.
- Anaerobic microorganisms : Prevotella (Bacteroides) melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium difficile, Peptostreptococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Propionibacterium acnes. Most strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group are resistant to Cefprozil.
Therapeutic uses : Cefprozil is indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms such as :
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), & Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains).
- Acute Sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), & Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains).
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), & Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains).
- Uncomplicated Skin and Skin-Structure Infections caused by Staph. aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.
Mechanism of action : Cephalosporins cause inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. i.e. they have the same mechanism of action as penicillin. However, they bind to different proteins than those which bind penicillins.
Side effects : Cephalosporins are generally well tolerated, but are more toxic than penicillin. Cefprozil may exhibit following side effects :
- Candidiasis,
- Abdominal pain,
- Diarrhea,
- Nausea, vomiting
- Vaginitis.
Drug Interactions : Cefprozil may interact with following drugs :
- Aminoglycosides : Nephrotoxicity may occur following concomitant administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics and cephalosporin antibiotics.
- Probenecid : Concomitant administration of probenecid doubled the AUC for Cefprozil.
Contraindications :
- Contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics.
For detailed query or in case of uncertainty, Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.
